Basic needs by Virginia Henderson

Virginia Henderson’s definition of nursing , considered to be classic, first appeared in 1955.

“The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (peaceful death ) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this  in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible. “(Henderson, 1966,. P.15)Henderson and Bertha attempted to identify those basic human needs : 1.Breathe normally 2. Eat and drink adequately. 3.Eliminate body wastes. 4.Move and maintain desirable postures 5.Sleep and rest. 6.Select suitable clothes-dress and undress. 7.Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying environment 8.Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument 9.Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others. 10.Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions. 11.Worship according to one’s faith. 12.Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment. 13.Play or participate in various forms of recreation 14.Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities. Virginia Henderson died in 1996 at the Connecticut Hospice, aged 98.